Wrong cable ... The one you linked is USB to RS232. I should have been more explicit. What you want is is USB to TTL. Something like this,
(1) http://www.ebay.com/...e-/261101529602
or this,
(2) http://www.mouser.co...j627GFcejHp0Q==
or this,
(3) http://yourduino.com...ct_detail&p=164
With the first two, you can plug your jumper wires into the end of the cable and then into the breadboard to bring the signal lines to the breadboard for connections. The third style can plug directly into the breadboard, but be careful that the header pins have enough depth and are not too far offset from the edge of the PCB. Most of my USB to serial TTL are like number (3). The RS232 version you ordered is not of much use for Netduino work. I would cancel your order if you can. The RS232 cable can be used for download with the Netduino Mini.
Serial RS232 and TTL are different protocols that are characterized by the logic state voltage. If you measure voltage with no transmission on a TTL TX line, it will be 5V corresponding a logic 1. For RS232, logic 1 will measure at about 2.7V or less. In most cases, USB to RS232 adapters do not conform to the RS232 standard. A further characterization is; TTL idles high and RS232 low..
Comment on Fritzing layout
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Last post: Remove the blue wire. Netduino RX doesn't have anything to do with the BREAK.
Next to last post: Correct, but lose the RS232 adapter. See above comments. If you use it, you will need to add add a chip to invert TX and RX from/to the adapter.
I will try to dredge up my lost knowledge of Fritzing and try my hand at layout of the breadboard. This is turning into an intriguing problem.