sky

The level converter fits perfectly.
However, about the MOSI is correct to wire it to TX1, but you must do the same thing with SCLK to TX2.
Your circuit uses only two outputs coming from Netduino: why do you need the RX?

Please, also note that such a converter is made by pull-up resistors, thus its speed won't be so much. At this point I'd try to get the SPI rate even slower than 1MHz, try to set at 100KHz.
Cheers

Very interesting. Perhaps i'm going to solve the similar problem. In the near future I'll have to try to connect Netduino and digital led strip via SPI. The led strip is WS2801-powered and has a 5V level logic, but Netduino has a 3.3V. There is a strong requirement to the project to have a very fast SPI communication (one-way; only send data). So, what converter is the best suitable for this case?

Sky, I'm happy that you solved the problem...
...however, it's not the same thing powering the chip at +5V or +3.3V.
Your Netduino works at +3.3V, and the EEProm specs say that the high-level min threshold is 0.7*Vcc (that is 3.5V when powered at +5V). It seems to me that you'll have the EEProm working at the borderline, thus the reliability won't be so good.
I'd keep the EEprom supplied at +3.3V, which is always more common as voltage for the logic circuits.
Cheers

Mario, you're right. It's better not to mix different voltages within one scheme to avoid borderline problems. Or, do it carefully =) The thing I discovered in this library - the _24LC01::Write function waits for a 100ms to give 24LC256 some time to finish. Respecting to the datasheet, the bus is not busy, when the data and clock remain high. I think it's possible to poll the lines to determine the end of the transaction and exit earlier then 100ms elapses.

It seems to me that I'm stupid. I missed the word "Analog" in Netduino I2C pin description. Connected to analog pins 4-5, the library doesn't throw an exceptions and "Netduino!" string was written and read good. I'll try to work with it. Thank you, guys! -)

Hello, Mario, According to the datasheet, it can be powered both 3.3 and 5V. Now I have it connected to +5V, but also unsuccessfully tried with 3.3V. Moreover, both 3.3 and 5V works with 24LC256 being connected to Bus Pirate.

It seems that all the parts wired properly. And I used 10k resistors as pullup. I also tried the final schematic with the Bus Pirate and it worked. Both Bus Pirate and Netduino connect to 24LC256 via I2C. I can write to and read from this IC gracefully via BP. But when I try to run the C# test, it fails %)

Can you provide your working piece of code here?